@unpublished{upm40541,
           month = {Septiembre},
           title = {Biomimetismo entre los endemismos arquitect{\'o}nicos y taxones en Cantabria},
          school = {Arquitectura},
          author = {Isabel Beatriz Ingl{\'e}s Gos{\'a}lbez},
            year = {2015},
             url = {http://oa.upm.es/40541/},
        abstract = {Es notoria la importancia de la naturaleza en la evoluci{\'o}n de la arquitectura. Hasta la gran eclosi{\'o}n de la industria manufacturera y la mejora en las infraestructuras de comunicaci{\'o}n, se podr{\'i}a decir que ambas corr{\'i}an paralelas, para a partir de ah{\'i} dejar ?congelada? la sabidur{\'i}a popular y dar un salto a la globalidad, generando una situaci{\'o}n de libertad arquitect{\'o}nica pr{\'a}cticamente total, que independiza la construcci{\'o}n de su ubicaci{\'o}n.  "El biomimetismo es esencialmente un campo de investigaci{\'o}n interdisciplinar, una serie de colaboraciones entre bot{\'a}nicos, f{\'i}sicos, matem{\'a}ticos, ingenieros y zo{\'o}logos; donde la r{\'i}gida divisi{\'o}n entre disciplinas ?puras? cede lugar a un {\'a}rea de investigaci{\'o}n que apunta a generar tecnolog{\'i}a inteligente (smarttechnologies), utilizando materiales o procesos que sean de alguna manera sensibles al medio ambiente." (M. Weinstock, 1998).  ?La morfolog{\'i}a de las plantas en los diferentes climas parece tener cierta analog{\'i}a con la edificaci{\'o}n, ya que algunas de las tensiones que inciden en su forma (tales como las variaciones de temperatura) corresponden de manera similar a las necesidades humanas.? (V. Olgyay 1963).  En el presente trabajo se han estudiado las especies end{\'e}micas que nos rodean, para poder leer a trav{\'e}s de ellas millones de a{\~n}os de supervivencia en este entorno, con el fin de mimetizar sus respuestas. Tambi{\'e}n se han estudiado diferentes tipolog{\'i}as de arquitectura vern{\'a}cula y su simulaci{\'o}n energ{\'e}tica, con el prop{\'o}sito de evaluar la demanda energ{\'e}tica optima exigible.  A partir de una ubicaci{\'o}n espec{\'i}fica, la orientaci{\'o}n, compacidad, perforaci{\'o}n y las caracter{\'i}sticas de la envolvente son los elementos que m{\'a}s influyen en la demanda energ{\'e}tica de una edificaci{\'o}n. Tanto la forma como los materiales pueden ser mimetizados con la naturaleza.  En esta Tesis se han cuantificado los par{\'a}metros de dise{\~n}o formales tomando como referencia las especies vegetales o la arquitectura vern{\'a}cula, sin perder de vista los objetivos buscados por normativas o institutos en la reducci{\'o}n del consumo energ{\'e}tico vinculado a la calefacci{\'o}n y ventilaci{\'o}n. ABSTRACT  The importance of the nature in the evolution of the architecture is well-known. Until the great burst of the manufacturing industry and the improvement in communication infrastructures, it would be possible to be said that both ran parallel, stops there from leaving ?frozen? the popular wisdom and jump to the globalization, creating a situation almost complete architectural freedom, that it frees the construction of its location.  "Biomimicry is essentially an interdisciplinary field of research, a series of collaborations among botanists, physicists, mathematicians, engineers and zoologists; where the rigid division between "pure" disciplines gives way to an area of research that aims to generate intelligent technology (smarttechnologies), using materials and processes that are in some environmentally sensitive manner. "(M. Weinstock, 1998).  ?The morphology of the plants in different climates seems to have some analogy with the building, as some of the tensions that affect their form (such as the temperature variations) are similar to the human necessities.? (V. Olgyay 1963).  In the present work, the endemic species that surround to us have been studied, to be able to read through them millions of years of survival in this environment, in order to mimic their answers. Also different types or popular architecture and their energy simulation have been studied, in order to evaluate the rate of energy optimum demand.  Orientation, compactness, perforation and characteristics of the envelope are the elements that influence more in the energy demand of a building. The shape and materials can be mimic with nature.  Each of them has been quantified in this work by reference plant species or popular architecture, without losing sight of the objectives sought by regulations or institutes about reduction in energy consumption.}
}