@unpublished{upm57748,
          number = {10.20868/UPM.thesis.57748},
           title = {Carencia en la prosecuci{\'o}n establecida por el binomio formaci{\'o}n-prevenci{\'o}n inherente a la ley de prevenci{\'o}n de riesgos laborales en el sector de la construcci{\'o}n en Espa{\~n}a},
          school = {Edificacion},
          author = {{\'A}lvaro Romero Barriuso},
            year = {2019},
             url = {http://oa.upm.es/57748/},
        abstract = {El objetivo de este trabajo de investigaci{\'o}n es analizar la formaci{\'o}n preventiva en las Peque{\~n}as y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) y la que reciben los trabajadores del Sector de la Construcci{\'o}n en Espa{\~n}a. Para ello, se realiza un estudio en profundidad del cumplimiento de la obligaci{\'o}n empresarial del deber de formar e informar a los trabajadores en materia preventiva, de acuerdo con los postulados marcados por la Directiva 89/391/CEE, cuya transposici{\'o}n al Derecho Espa{\~n}ol queda recogida en la Ley 31/1995, de 8 de noviembre, de Prevenci{\'o}n de Riesgos Laborales (LPRL). El estudio se ha contextualizado en el marco de influencia de la crisis econ{\'o}mica y de una desaceleraci{\'o}n de las actividades de construcci{\'o}n en Espa{\~n}a. Para ello, se dise{\~n}aron tres cuestionarios y se generaron dos grupos de discusi{\'o}n con agentes y empresarios implicados en el Sector, conjuntamente se recurri{\'o} a las bases de datos de diversos organismos, Servicios de Prevenci{\'o}n Ajenos (SPAs) y a la Fundaci{\'o}n Laboral de la Construcci{\'o}n (FLC); para conocer las carencias y fortalezas de los sistemas preventivos y formativos de las empresas del Sector. Con toda la informaci{\'o}n recopilada, se analizaron los indicadores estrat{\'e}gicos de la formaci{\'o}n en materia preventiva, como la cualificaci{\'o}n profesional de los docentes, las metodolog{\'i}as formativas empleadas y la formaci{\'o}n e informaci{\'o}n que recibe el trabajador sobre su puesto de trabajo. Los resultados muestran que la mayor{\'i}a de los docentes encargados de impartir la formaci{\'o}n no son especialistas en construcci{\'o}n, que la formaci{\'o}n que se transmite en los cursos no se adec{\'u}a al nivel formativo de los trabajadores y, adem{\'a}s, que el material did{\'a}ctico no se adapta a otros idiomas cuando los trabajadores son extranjeros. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se puede extraer que, para ser m{\'a}s eficaces en los procesos formativos, es necesaria una mayor profesionalizaci{\'o}n de todos los agentes implicados en los procesos constructivopreventivos del Sector de la Construcci{\'o}n. As{\'i} mismo, se realiza un estudio comparativo para analizar la realidad preventiva en el Sector de la Construcci{\'o}n en Espa{\~n}a, desde el prisma de la formaci{\'o}n, la gesti{\'o}n preventiva y los recursos destinados a dichas partidas. Adem{\'a}s del estado de cumplimiento del REA por parte de las Administraciones P{\'u}blicas y de las empresas privadas del sector. Para ello, se ejecuta una investigaci{\'o}n a trav{\'e}s de los datos obtenidos con los Focus Group creados ex professo para el estudio, en conjunci{\'o}n con la ESENER- 2, as{\'i} como de su hom{\'o}loga versi{\'o}n espa{\~n}ola. Tambi{\'e}n se exponen en ambos Focus Group los datos de incumplimiento de registro en el REA, entendida como una herramienta de control preventivo. Los resultados ponen de relieve la imperiosa necesidad de profesionalizar el sector, implantando una ?cultura preventiva? entre todos los agentes implicados en los procesos productivo-preventivos. Tambi{\'e}n se aprecia una clara discriminaci{\'o}n negativa respecto de las empresas privadas de construcci{\'o}n en comparaci{\'o}n con la actitud permisiva y de nula exigencia para con las Administraciones P{\'u}blicas. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The aim of this research is to analyze occupational risk-prevention training in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the one that workers in the Spanish Construction Sector receive. To do so, an in-depth study is completed on compliance with the entrepreneurial obligation to inform and to train workers in occupational risk-prevention, in accordance with the regulations laid down in Directive 89/391/EEC, and transposed into Spanish Law in Act 31/1995, of 8th November, on Risk Prevention in the Workplace [Ley de Prevenci{\'o}n de Riesgos Laborales (LPRL)]. The contextual background of the study is influenced by the economic crisis and a slowdown of construction activities in Spain. Three questionnaires were designed and two discussion groups were organized with risk-prevention trainers and business representatives in the sector. Databases from various bodies were jointly consulted, specifically the External Prevention Services (EPS) and the Construction Labour Foundation [Fundaci{\'o}n Laboral de la Construcci{\'o}n] (CLF), to establish both the weaknesses and the strengths of occupational risk-prevention training and the training systems of the firms in the sector. Having gathered all the information, the strategic indicators of training in risk-prevention were analyzed, such as the professional qualifications of the trainers, the training methodologies employed, and the training and information that the worker received on the job. The results showed that the majority of trainers in charge of training courses were not construction specialists, the training courses were not adapted to the training level of the workers and, importantly, the teaching materials were never in the other languages of the foreign workers. It may be seen from the results that higher levels of professionalization are necessary for all the agents involved in risk-prevention and construction processes for more effective and efficient training courses in the Construction Sector. Likewise, an in-depth comparative review is conducted in order to analyze the reality of risk-prevention in Construction Sector firms in Spain, through the lens of training, management, and risk-prevention, and the amount of resources that are allocated to those budget headings. In addition to the degree of compliance with the REA and its implementation by the public administrations in Spain is compared with its implementation among private construction sector firms. To do so, a review is carried out through the data obtained from two Focus Group formed ex professo for the study, in conjunction with the ESENER-2 and its Spanish counterpart. Non-compliance records with the REA, understood as an administrative instrument for risk-prevention control, are also presented in both Focus Group. The results highlight the imperative need to professionalize the Construction Sector, implementing a ?risk-prevention culture? among all the agents involved in the constructive-preventive processes. There results also revealed a clearly negative discrimination with regard to private construction sector firms, in comparison with the permissive attitude and low administrative burden of the Public Administrations.}
}