Energy projection of a photovoltaic system located in madrid for the obtaining of hydrogen in transportation applications

Abstract

Hydrogen is an energy vector that presents itself as an alternative fuel through the use of fuel cells for transport applications specifically in the automotive sector, however one technical limitation is that it is not found in its pure state in nature and so must be produced by dissociating it from other chemical elements mainly from oxygen in water, carbon in hydrocarbons and also in biomass. Currently, the largest proportion of the production of hydrogen concentrates on the use of fossil resources from hydrocarbons and to a lesser extent, through the water electrolysis processes. Additionally, the use of hydrogen is mostly limited to petrochemical applications, with the latter lagging behind energy generation applications. The problem of using hydrogen currently produced in energy applications and specifically in transport is that its production comes from non-renewable sources, so obtaining this already causes the emission of greenhouse gases and despite not contaminating when used in the system, its primary origin would prevent a zero emissions cycle.
This paper shows an energy projection in Madrid to obtain hydrogen through photovoltaic solar energy as a primary source, the hydrogen obtained is allocated to use in transport applications, the purpose being to create a true zero greenhouse gases emissions cycle in the energy chain. The results will use variables such as solar radiation data and the temperature of the location to model the climatology thereof, as well as complementary data such as the latitude of the location and its altitude above sea level, in addition to considering technical data of components such as photovoltaic modules and electrolyser.