Reduced simulation´s model of a wheel loader by using the Bond Graph technique to use in training simulators

Abstract

This paper presents a model developed for simulating earth moving machines like wheel loaders. The developed model is used for real time simulation and is included in a full machinery simulator designated for the training. The model includes a mechanical model of the chassis, axles, suspension systems, hydraulic actuators and mechanical models of the arms. All the models have been simulated using Bond Graph elements (Karnopp et al. 1990). The complete model has been developed as a modular system, using sub-models of each of the above-mentioned components. This approach helps to minimize both the number and complexity of the system equations obtained from the overall model. Some simulation examples and results are also included.