eprintid: 1861 rev_number: 26 eprint_status: archive userid: 1929 dir: disk0/00/00/18/61 datestamp: 2009-10-20 07:13:11 lastmod: 2016-04-20 07:03:27 status_changed: 2010-05-25 07:56:55 type: article metadata_visibility: show item_issues_count: 0 creators_name: Buenaposada Biencinto, José Miguel creators_name: Muñoz, Enrique creators_name: Baumela Molina, Luis creators_id: josemiguel.buenaposada@urjc.es creators_id: emunozco@fdi.ucm.es creators_id: lbaumela@fi.upm.es title: Efficient illumination independent appearance-based face tracking ispublished: pub subjects: matematicas subjects: informatica abstract: One of the major challenges that visual tracking algorithms face nowadays is being able to cope with changes in the appearance of the target during tracking. Linear subspace models have been extensively studied and are possibly the most popular way of modelling target appearance. We introduce a linear subspace representation in which the appearance of a face is represented by the addition of two approxi- mately independent linear subspaces modelling facial expressions and illumination respectively. This model is more compact than previous bilinear or multilinear ap- proaches. The independence assumption notably simplifies system training. We only require two image sequences. One facial expression is subject to all possible illumina- tions in one sequence and the face adopts all facial expressions under one particular illumination in the other. This simple model enables us to train the system with no manual intervention. We also revisit the problem of efficiently fitting a linear subspace-based model to a target image and introduce an additive procedure for solving this problem. We prove that Matthews and Baker’s Inverse Compositional Approach makes a smoothness assumption on the subspace basis that is equiva- lent to Hager and Belhumeur’s, which worsens convergence. Our approach differs from Hager and Belhumeur’s additive and Matthews and Baker’s compositional ap- proaches in that we make no smoothness assumptions on the subspace basis. In the experiments conducted we show that the model introduced accurately represents the appearance variations caused by illumination changes and facial expressions. We also verify experimentally that our fitting procedure is more accurate and has better convergence rate than the other related approaches, albeit at the expense of a slight increase in computational cost. Our approach can be used for tracking a human face at standard video frame rates on an average personal computer. date: 2009-04-02 date_type: published id_number: 10.1016/j.imavis.2008.04.015 full_text_status: public publication: Image and Vision Computing volume: 27 number: 5 pagerange: 560-578 institution: Informatica department: Inteligencia_Artificial refereed: TRUE issn: 0262-8856 rights: none citation: Buenaposada Biencinto, José Miguel, Muñoz, Enrique and Baumela Molina, Luis (2009). Efficient illumination independent appearance-based face tracking. "Image and Vision Computing", v. 27 (n. 5); pp. 560-578. ISSN 0262-8856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2008.04.015 . document_url: https://oa.upm.es/1861/1/BUENAPO_ART2009_01.pdf