eprintid: 38093
rev_number: 12
eprint_status: archive
userid: 2544
dir: disk0/00/03/80/93
datestamp: 2015-10-15 06:40:13
lastmod: 2015-10-15 06:40:13
status_changed: 2015-10-15 06:40:13
type: thesis
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Martín Segovia, Sara
contributors_name: Mínguez Olivares, Antonio
title: Algoritmos genéticos en control activo de ruido
rights: by-nc-nd
ispublished: unpub
subjects: fisica
subjects: informatica
full_text_status: public
abstract: Este proyecto se centra en la implementación de un sistema de control activo de ruido mediante algoritmos genéticos. Para ello, se ha tenido en cuenta el tipo de ruido que se quiere cancelar y el diseño del controlador, parte fundamental del sistema de control. El control activo de ruido sólo es eficaz a bajas frecuencias, hasta los 250 Hz, justo para las cuales los elementos pasivos pierden efectividad, y en zonas o recintos de pequeñas dimensiones y conductos.
El controlador ha de ser capaz de seguir todas las posibles variaciones del campo acústico que puedan producirse (variaciones de fase, de frecuencia, de amplitud, de funciones de transferencia electro-acústicas, etc.). Su funcionamiento está basado en algoritmos FIR e IIR adaptativos. La elección de un tipo de filtro u otro depende de características tales como linealidad, causalidad y número de coeficientes.
Para que la función de transferencia del controlador siga las variaciones que surgen en el entorno acústico de cancelación, tiene que ir variando el valor de los coeficientes del filtro mediante un algoritmo adaptativo. En este proyecto se emplea como algoritmo adaptativo un algoritmo genético, basado en la selección biológica, es decir, simulando el comportamiento evolutivo de los sistemas biológicos.
Las simulaciones se han realizado con dos tipos de señales: ruido de carácter aleatorio (banda ancha) y ruido periódico (banda estrecha). En la parte final del proyecto se muestran los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones al respecto.
Summary.
This project is focused on the implementation of an active noise control system using genetic algorithms. For that, it has been taken into account the noise type wanted to be canceled and the controller design, a key part of the control system. The active noise control is only effective at low frequencies, up to 250 Hz, for which the passive elements lose effectiveness, and in small areas or enclosures and ducts.
The controller must be able to follow all the possible variations of the acoustic field that might be produced (phase, frequency, amplitude, electro-acoustic transfer functions, etc.). It is based on adaptive FIR and IIR algorithms. The choice of a kind of filter or another depends on characteristics like linearity, causality and number of coefficients.
Moreover, the transfer function of the controller has to be changing filter coefficients value thought an adaptive algorithm. In this project a genetic algorithm is used as adaptive algorithm, based on biological selection, simulating the evolutionary behavior of biological systems.
The simulations have been implemented with two signal types: random noise (broadband) and periodic noise (narrowband). In the final part of the project the results and conclusions are shown.
date_type: published
date: 2015-07-09
pages: 84
institution: ETSIS_Telecomunicacion
department: Teoria_2014
thesis_type: masters
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master_title: Ingeniería Acústica de la Edificación y Medio Ambiente
citation:   Martín Segovia, Sara  (2015).  Algoritmos genéticos en control activo de ruido.  Thesis (Master thesis), E.T.S.I. y Sistemas de Telecomunicación (UPM) <https://oa.upm.es/view/institution/ETSIS=5FTelecomunicacion/>.    
document_url: https://oa.upm.es/38093/1/TESIS_MASTER_SARA_MARTIN_SEGOVIA.pdf