Do Green Transformational Leadership, Green Human Resource Management, and Pro-Environmental Behavior Promote Sustainable Performance? Evidence from Palestine

Resumen

Upholding ecosystems from climate change and environmental hazards has become a pressing global concern. Achieving enhanced sustainability performance relies heavily on adopting environmentally friendly practices. Despite increased research efforts, the factors influencing sustainable performance and their interrelations remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the influence of green transformational leadership, green human resource management (GHRM), and pro-environmental behavior on sustainable performance. Using an exploratory mixed-method approach, the study commenced with 18 semi-structured interviews with managers from the Palestinian healthcare sector, analyzed via MAXQDA. This was followed by a quantitative survey analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirm that green transformational leadership positively influences GHRM, pro-environmental behavior, and sustainable performance. GHRM was significantly associated with pro-environmental behavior, which, in turn, enhanced sustainable performance. Furthermore, GHRM mediated the relationship between green transformational leadership and pro-environmental behavior, while pro-environmental behavior mediated the relationship between green transformational leadership and sustainable performance. These findings provide valuable insights into key drivers of sustainable performance, particularly within the healthcare sector, contributing to both theory and practice in sustainability research.