Chaotic renormalization group flow and entropy gradients over Haros graphs

Resumen

Haros graphs have been recently introduced as a set of graphs bijectively related to real numbers in the unit interval. Here we consider the iterated dynamics of a graph operator R over the set of Haros graphs. This operator was previously defined in the realm of graph-theoretical characterization of low-dimensional nonlinear dynamics and has a renormalization group (RG) structure. We find that the dynamics of R over Haros graphs is complex and includes unstable periodic orbits of arbitrary period and nonmixing aperiodic orbits, overall portraiting a chaotic RG flow. We identify a single RG stable fixed point whose basin of attraction is associated with the set of rational numbers, and find periodic RG orbits that relate to (pure) quadratic irrationals and aperiodic RG orbits, related with (nonmixing) families of nonquadratic algebraic irrationals and transcendental numbers. Finally, we show that the graph entropy of Haros graphs is globally decreasing as the RG flows towards its stable fixed point, albeit in a strictly nonmonotonic way, and that such graph entropy remains constant inside the periodic RG orbit associated to a subset of irrationals, the so-called metallic ratios. We discuss the possible physical interpretation of such chaotic RG flow and put results regarding entropy gradients along RG flow in the context of c-theorems.