Introduction and general characteristics of the underground mining sector

Resumen

The presentation addresses the key aspects of underground mining, from its conception to its operation. It explains that each deposit requires a specific design based on geological, technical, and economic factors. The goal is to achieve an efficient, safe, and profitable extraction. Underground mining is characterized by structures such as shafts, ramps, galleries, and raises, which allow access to ore bodies that are unreachable by surface mining methods, especially in contexts with environmental or social constraints.

The advantages and disadvantages of this type of mining compared to open-pit mining are detailed. Among the advantages are its lower environmental impact, higher extraction precision, and reduced waste rock production. On the other hand, disadvantages include longer development times, more complex operating conditions, and more demanding technical requirements. Deposit preparation is essential and requires a well-planned network of access points, ventilation, auxiliary infrastructure, loading stations, and safety services. These elements are closely linked to the selected mining method.

Finally, it is noted that the current trend in the mining industry is an increase in underground operations, driven by the need to access deeper deposits, reduce environmental footprint, and improve coexistence with other land uses. It is expected that more than 50% of global mining production will come from underground mines in the coming years. Technological advancements, improved safety, automation, and sustainability make underground mining an increasingly viable and responsible option in today’s extractive industry landscape.